Polycarbonate(PC) belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm thermoplastic polymers tus yam ntxwv los ntawm carbonate linkages (−O−(C=O)−O−) nyob rau hauv lawv cov qaum molecular. Ua ntej kev sib txuas ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm Hermann Schnell ntawm Bayer thiab Daniel Fox ntawm General Electric thaum xyoo 1953-1955, cov yas engineering no nthuav tawm qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov muag pom tseeb txog li 90% lub teeb xa mus, cuam tshuam ntau dua 250 npaug ntawm cov iav, thiab thermal stability hla kev ua haujlwm ntawm -40℃. Cov khoom siv amorphous qauv- txhais tau tias nws cov molecules tsis muaj qhov ntev-ntev crystalline kev txiav txim-tus account rau ob qho tib si nws pob tshab thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua rau cov yas deformation tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
Cov khoom muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw
Ntawm no yog qhov: koj tau zaum kov polycarbonate tsawg kawg peb zaug hnub no yam tsis tau paub txog nws. Koj lub xov tooj? Zoo li polycarbonate lossis PC sib xyaw. Cov tsom iav kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm? Polycarbonate. Lub teeb taub hau npog ntawm koj lub tsheb? Yog lawm. Txawm tias cov dej dispenser jug zaum hauv koj chav ua noj.
Thiab qhov ntawd yog ua ntej peb nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom txawv txawv - cov ntaub thaiv kev kub ntxhov, lub dav hlau canopies, mos txwv "iav" ntawm koj lub txhab nyiaj. Daim CD uas koj pom nyob rau hauv koj niam koj txiv lub qab daus kawg lis xaus. Tsev cog khoom. Cov me nyuam lub raj mis (txawm tias qhov ntawd tau nyuaj heev- ntxiv rau tom qab ntawd).
Vim li cas Engineers tseem rov qab los rau nws
Qhov cuam tshuam tiv thaiv qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua li feem ntau cov ntawv muab rau nws. Peb tsis tau tham txog "zoo nkauj heev rau yas." Peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem nres ib lub mos txwv thaum muab tso rau kom zoo. Cov ntawv polycarbonate txheem tuaj yeem siv rauj tshuab ncaj qha yam tsis muaj kev tawg - sim nrog acrylic lossis iav thiab koj yuav cheb cov shards.
Dab tsi ua rau txoj haujlwm no yog cov qauv molecular. Cov carbonate pawg kuv tau hais ua ntej? Lawv tso cai rau cov saw hlau polymer kom nqus tau lub zog los ntawm kev deformation es tsis txhob tawg tawm. Cov chains tuaj yeem ncab thiab hla dhau ib leeg ua ntej tawg. Nws yog vim li cas polycarbonate tuaj yeem khoov tau txias -koj tuaj yeem tsim nws ntawm daim ntawv hlau nres yam tsis muaj cua sov ntau.
Cov iav hloov pauv kub nyob ib puag ncig 147 degree. Hauv qab no, nws yog nruj. Saum toj no, nws softens maj mam thiab ua hauj lwm. Qhov no ua rau cov tuam txhab tsim lub qhov rais dav dav uas ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo tsis muaj.
Lub teeb kis
Uncoated polycarbonate kis txog 88% ntawm lub teeb pom kev, uas tso nws nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag. Qee qib ntaus 92%. Lub refractive Performance index khiav txog 1.58- siab dua li cov iav txheem- uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov iav tsom iav nyias nyias.
Tab sis ntawm no yog dab tsi cov nplooj ntawv spec tsis ib txwm qhia rau koj: cov khoom yellows dhau sij hawm nyob rau hauv UV raug tshwj tsis yog tias ruaj khov. Raw polycarbonate sab laug nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj yuav tig amber nyob rau hauv ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos. Cov ntawv lag luam feem ntau tuaj nrog UV-stabilized nto vim li no.
Cov lus nug BPA
Peb yuav tsum tham txog bisphenol A.
Txheem polycarbonate yog tsim los ntawm reacting BPA nrog phosgene. BPA yog ib qho cuam tshuam endocrine- nws ua cov tshuaj estrogen hauv lub cev. Thiab yog, cov kab mob tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov thawv polycarbonate, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tshav kub los yog raug rau cov ntsiab lus acidic.
Qhov no tau dhau los ua ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 2008-2012, ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov me nyuam lub raj mis hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab tsav kev loj hlob ntawm BPA-cov kev xaiv pub dawb xws li Tritan (uas siv cov monomers sib txawv). FDA tseem txiav txim siab txog zaub mov-hu rau polycarbonate muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm qib raug tam sim no, tab sis kev sib cav txuas ntxiv mus.
Rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam-tswj tshuab, glazing, tiv thaiv npog-BPA leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog - teeb meem. Tab sis zaub mov- daim ntawv thov kev sib cuag tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw sib tw. Tsuas yog tsim nyog paub.
Ua haujlwm nrog Cov Khoom Siv
Polycarbonate tshuab zoo nkauj. Standard carbide tooling ua haujlwm zoo. Koj tuaj yeem laum nws, pom nws, nws txoj kev - qhov kev ceev faj tseem ceeb yog kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov, uas ua rau lub zos melting thiab gummy buildup ntawm cov cuab yeej. Cov cuab yeej ntse thiab nruab nrab ceev yog cov lus teb.
Thermoforming yuav tsum tau ziab daim ntawv ua ntej. Polycarbonate yog hygroscopic (absorbs atmospheric noo noo), thiab cov dej daig tsim npuas thaum cua sov. Feem ntau cov fabricators qhuav ntawm 120℃rau 2-4 teev ua ntej tsim.
Rau kev sib koom ua ke:
Solvent welding ua haujlwm tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas- cov kuab tshuaj uas ua haujlwm hnyav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tawg yog tias siv ntau dhau
Mechanical fastening xav tau cov qhov loj loj kom haum rau thermal expansion
Adhesive bonding nrog polyurethane los yog silicone adhesives muab qhov kev zam txim tshaj plaws
Kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog qhov siab - ntim mus kom ze. chim kub nyob ib ncig ntawm 280-320 degree, pwm kub 80-120 degree. Cov khoom yog unforgiving ntawm noo noo contamination - residual dej ua rau hydrolytic degradation thaum lub sij hawm yaj ua, rhuav tshem molecular hnyav thiab txhua yam khoom.
Nws Stacks li cas
Tawm tsam Acrylic (PMMA)
Acrylic yog optically zoo tshaj -ntshiab, tsis tshua muaj siab hazing, zoo khawb tsis kam tawm ntawm lub thawv. Nws tseem pheej yig dua. Tab sis acrylic shatters nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam thaum polycarbonate flexes. Yog tias qee yam tuaj yeem tsoo koj cov khoom siv glazing, polycarbonate yeej.
Tawm tsam iav
iav khawb tsawg dua. iav tsis daj. iav yog pheej yig dua rau cov vaj huam sib luag tiaj tus. Iav muab rau koj zoo dua optical clarity.
Tab sis iav hnyav kwv yees li ob zaug ib square feet ntawm qhov sib npaug. Cov iav tawg rau hauv cov khoom txaus ntshai. iav tsis tuaj yeem khoov txias. Cov iav yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab huab cua- tswj kev txiav ib puag ncig kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
Rau txhua yam uas qhov hnyav hnyav lossis kev tawg muaj qhov tshwm sim - uas tau dhau los ua ntau daim ntawv thov -polycarbonate ua rau kev nkag siab ntau dua li qhov spec - daim ntawv sib piv yuav qhia.
Cov Qib Tsis muaj leej twg hais txog
Tus qauv ntshiab khoom tau txais txhua yam xim. Tab sis cov qib tshwj xeeb yog qhov uas cov khoom tau nthuav.
Nplaim taws- qib retardant
koom nrog cov additives (feem ntau halogenated los yog phosphorus{0}}raws li) uas tso cai rau cov khoom ua tau raws li UL94 V-0 ratings. Cov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob enclosures thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw cov khoom siv.
01
iav - cov qhab nia
txi qee qhov cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho qhov tawv nqaij thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev . 20-30% iav loading yog ntau. Cov no pom siv nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom uas creep kuj tseem ceeb.
02
PC / ABS sib xyaw
muab cov polycarbonate qhov cuam tshuam lub zog nrog ABS cov txheej txheem thiab tus nqi qis dua. Feem ntau cov tsev nyob hauv laptop siv qee qhov sib txawv ntawm PC / ABS. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke txiav txim siab seb koj puas ua kom zoo rau tus nqi, cuam tshuam, lossis ua kom sov.
03
Optical qib
nrog tswj refractive index thiab tsawg tsawg birefringence mus rau hauv lub teeb qhia, tsheb teeb pom kev zoo, thiab lub koob yees duab lo ntsiab muag.
04
Teeb meem Scratch
Nov yog cov khoom siv Achilles pob taws: polycarbonate khawb tau yooj yim. Embarrassingly yooj yim, muab txhua yam nws ua tau zoo.
Qhov no tsis yog kho tau ntawm qib molecular. Tib txoj hlua sib txuas uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ua rau lub ntsej muag muag txaus los kos nrog cov rau tes.
Cov kev daws teeb meem hauv kev lag luam yog cov txheej tawv tawv -feem ntau yog silicone-raws li lossis acrylic- cov txheej txheej siv los ntawm dipping, ntws txheej, lossis plasma deposition. Cov tawv tawv zoo-coat systems tau polycarbonate rau mem hluav hardnesses ntawm 2H-4H, mus txog iav. Tab sis lub txheej ntxiv tus nqi thiab cov txheej txheem ua.
Rau cov tsom iav, qhov tseem ceeb tag nrho cov lo ntsiab muag polycarbonate nkoj nrog cov txheej tawv tawv. Rau kev lag luam glazing, coated thiab uncoated versions ob qho tib si muaj kev lag luam nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov kev kam rau siab rau saum npoo.
Recycling Reality
Polycarbonate yog technically recyclable. Nws yog cov thermoplastic, tom qab tag nrho - melted nws thiab remold nws. Resin code 7 ("Lwm yam") npog nws.
Qhov tseeb yog messier. Cov khoom yog rhiab heev rau thermal degradation, poob molecular hnyav nrog txhua lub voj voog ua. Kev kis kab mob yog ib qho teeb meem- cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ua rau cov khoom siv tsis tau. Thiab qhov ntim tsuas yog tsis nyob ntawd piv rau PET lossis HDPE. Feem ntau cov kev pab cuam curbside tsis txais nws.
Cov kev pabcuam rov ua dua tshiab muaj nyob rau tej yam xws li cov fwj dej thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, tab sis feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tseem tsawg. Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg (depolymerization rov qab rau BPA thiab carbonate) yog qhov ua tau zoo tab sis tseem tsis tau nqis peev ntawm qhov ntsuas.
Nws mus qhov twg
Kev tsim muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv -qhov chaw sab qaum teb ntawm 6 lab metric tons txhua xyoo tam sim no. Asia dominates ntau lawm thiab noj.
Cov kev tshawb fawb muaj xws li:
Bio-raws li lwm txoj kev siv isosorbide es tsis txhob BPA
Nanocomposites rau kev txhim kho khawb tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam pob tshab
Tus kheej - kho cov txheej txheem
Zoo dua optical clarity rau LED teeb pom kev zoo daim ntaub ntawv
Kev hloov pauv EV yog tsav cov kev xav tau tshiab tseem ceeb hauv tsheb teeb pom kev zoo thiab roj teeb vaj tsev. Kev txo qhov hnyav yuav tsum nyiam cov yas hla iav thiab hlau qhov chaw tso cai.
Kab hauv qab
Polycarbonate occupies ib qho txawv txawv niche: muaj zog txaus rau kev thov cov qauv siv, ntshiab txaus rau kev siv kho qhov muag, ua tiav los ntawm yuav luag txhua txoj kev tsim cov yas. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis muaj nyob rau lwm qhov.
Nws tsis zoo tag nrho. Qhov khawb rhiab heev txwv qhov twg koj tuaj yeem siv nws tsis muaj coated. Qhov BPA cuam tshuam rau zaub mov -hu rau daim ntawv thov. UV ruaj khov xav tau cov khoom siv ntxiv lossis txheej txheej.
Tab sis thaum koj xav tau pob tshab armor, lub teeb yuag glazing, cuam tshuam - cov lo ntsiab muag resistant, los yog ib puas lwm daim ntawv thov qhov twg "ntshiab thiab tawv" saum cov npe yuav tsum tau ua -polycarbonate feem ntau yog qhov chaw koj mus txog. Tsib caug xyoo tom qab kev lag luam, tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv zoo li qhov nws ua.