Polyolefin Kub Shrink Tubing: Nta, Hom thiab kev siv
Lub quarter kawg ib tus neeg siv khoom hauv Foshan xa rov qab 4,000 cable harnesses. Ua kom tiav rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua hauj lwm thoob plaws ib pawg. Kuv mus rau ntawm kuv tus kheej mus kuaj. Tig tawm lawv cov neeg muag khoom yav dhau los tau xa PVC lub tshav kub ntsws sau npe ua polyolefin. Cov nplooj ntawv spec saib zoo ib yam. Phab ntsa thickness, shrink ratio, xim - tag nrho matched PO. Tab sis cov hlua khi no tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev tswj cov txee uas khiav 120℃sab hauv. PVC pib softening ntawm 80 degree. Peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv, txhua txhua ib daim tau tawg raws li longitudinal axis.
Txoj haujlwm ntawd tau coj peb ib lub lim tiam tag nrho los strip thiab rov- ua nrog ntoo khaub lig- txuas polyolefin. Tsis pheej yig. Tab sis ntawm no yog dab tsi tawm ntawm nws: peb tau tsim cov khoom nkag mus rau qhov tseeb uas tsis muaj nyob ua ntej. Tam sim no txhua pawg uas tuaj txog ntawm peb lub chaw tau txais FTIR qhov chaw kuaj ua ntej nws nkag mus rau hauv cov kab ntau lawm. Yuav siv sijhawm li 20 feeb, tus nqi yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi, thiab peb tsis muaj cov khoom siv tsis sib xws txij li thaum.

Kuv hais qhov no vim tias yog koj tab tom nrhiav polyolefin tshav kub ntsws tubing tam sim no, tej zaum koj tab tom sim daws qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom qhia txog rwb thaiv tsev rau cov khoom tshiab thiab yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov kev xaiv, lossis ib yam dab tsi twb ua tsis tiav hauv daim teb thiab koj tab tom nrhiav seb yog vim li cas. Kab lus no hais txog ob qho xwm txheej, tab sis kuv yuav siv sijhawm ntau dua rau qhov ua tsis tiav vim tias qhov ntawd yog qhov nyiaj tiag tiag tau nkim.
Vim li cas Kev Ua Phem tshwm sim ntau dua li qhov lawv yuav tsum tau ua
Cov lus teb ncaj ncees yog tias feem ntau cov cua sov poob qis tsis yog cov khoom ua tsis tiav. Lawv yog cov kev xaiv tsis ua haujlwm. Ib tug neeg xaiv cov khoom tsis raug rau ib puag ncig, lossis cov khoom tsim nyog nrog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, lossis ntsia nws tsis raug. Tubing nws tus kheej feem ntau ua raws nraim li tau teev tseg. Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tsuas yog tsis sib xws li - lub ntiaj teb cov xwm txheej tiag.
Nov yog tsib hom kev ua tsis tiav uas tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa ntau tshaj plaws rau peb pab pawg, suav nrog ntau zaus los ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg hauv 18 lub hlis dhau los.
Dab tsi hla -Txuas Tiag Tiag rau Koj Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Siab
Kuv yuav tsis sau cov lus qhuab qhia txog kev tshawb fawb txog polymer. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawd nyob qhov twg. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev yuav khoom yog kev nkag siab yog vim li cas tus ntoo khaub lig- txuas polyolefin nqi ntau dua li cov khoom siv tubing, thiab qhov koj them tiag tiag.
Hla -kev sib txuas yog ib kauj ruam irradiation uas cov kab hluav taws xob tsim cov molecular bonds ntawm polymer chains. Cov ntawv cog lus no yog dab tsi muab cov tubing nws "nco" - lub peev xwm los thim rov qab mus rau ib txoj kab me me thaum rhuab. Cov txheej txheem siv cov khoom lag luam EB accelerators khiav ntawm 400kV thiab 1MeV, nrog cov kab hluav taws xob feem ntau hauv 50-200 kGy ntau yam (uvebtech.com).

Ntawm no yog qhov tseeb ntau lawm uas txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg muag khoom: cov koob tshuaj irradiation yuav tsum tau ntsuas rau txhua qhov kev tsim thiab txhua qhov khoom loj. Cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab cov tubing ua nruj dhau los nthuav dav thaum tsim khoom - koj lub cev tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov kev nthuav dav dav. Tsawg dhau thiab nws dhau - nthuav lossis ua tsis tiav thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Txhua batch yog ib qho calibration exercise (medicaldesignbriefs.com). Cov neeg muab khoom lag luam uas nqis peev hauv -cov cuab yeej EB hauv tsev tswj qhov sib txawv no ncaj qha. Cov neeg muab khoom uas outsource irradiation yog nyob ntawm tus thib peb tus txheej txheem sib xws.
Vim li cas koj yuav tsum tu? Vim tias koob tshuaj sib txawv ntawm 10% tuaj yeem ua viav vias qhov kev ua haujlwm los ntawm 15%. Yog tias koj daim ntawv thov muaj qhov yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis - cov khoom siv kho mob sib dhos, aerospace hlau hlua, siab -voltage cable txiav - qhov txawv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas zoo thiab kev ua tsis tiav. Thaum peb hais cov ntawv thov no, peb suav nrog batch- qib qis cov ntaub ntawv xeem hauv Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai. Tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv nominal xwb, tab sis qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntau peb xa khoom.
Kev sib piv tus nqi tiag (Tsis yog Phau Ntawv Qhia Version)
Kuv paub tias pawg neeg yuav khoom ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias tiv thaiv lwm yam. Cia kuv rhuav tshem qhov kev sib piv peb tau ntsib hauv cov xwm txheej hais, nrog rau cov lej peb tau pom hauv cov haujlwm tiag tiag.
Thaum tshav kub kub shrink vs. hluav taws xob daim kab xevyog qhov sib piv tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg-voltage industrial. Daim kab xev yog pheej yig dua rau ib qho kev sib txuas - uas pom tseeb. Ib yob nqi ob peb duas las thiab npog ntau ntau pob qij txha. Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov kev sib piv tsis nco qab.
Ib tug ntawm peb cov neeg muas zaub ua elevator tswj panels. Ua ntej 2023 lawv tau kaw tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Lawv pab neeg ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tau nruab nrab 15 hu rov qab hauv ib hlis, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog xoob lossis degraded daim kab xev ntawm cov davhlau ya nyob twg. Tom qab hloov mus rau polyolefin tshav kub ntsws ntawm tib cov kev sib txuas, hu rov qab ntawm hom tsis ua haujlwm ntawd poob rau 3-4 ib hlis. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tau nce mus txog $ 1,200 txhua xyoo. Tus nqi hu rau kev pabcuam tau nqis los ntawm qhov ntau dua li qhov ntawd - txhua qhov kev hu rov qab suav nrog tus kws tshaj lij, kev mus ncig, thiab lub sijhawm of the elevator downtime rau lub tsev. Lawv tsis tau qhia tus lej them tus nqi them rau peb, tab sis lawv tus thawj saib xyuas kev yuav khoom tau hais rau kuv tias qhov nyiaj rov qab tau qis dua ob lub hlis.
Kub shrink vs. overmoldingyog kev sib piv rau kev sib txuas thiab kev siv cable sib dhos. Overmolding yeej ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab IP ntsuam xyuas, tsis muaj lus nug. Tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj kev cai cuab yeej - $2,000-$5,000 ib pwm rau ib qho yooj yim backshell - thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntim rau amortize tus nqi. Peb tsis tu ncua pom qhov breakeven nyob ib ncig ntawm 2,000-5,000 daim. Hauv qab no qhov ntau, cua sov shrink yog pheej yig dua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nqi. Saum toj no, overmolding feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm dhau.
Ntau ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob rau kev tsim qauv thiab pib qis- ntim ntau lawm, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau overmolding thaum tus tsim raug kaw thiab ntim cov lus cog tseg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Peb txhawb ob theem. Qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj qhov xaiv ib txoj kev ntseeg.
Tus nqi tsis muaj leej twg muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv nthuav qhiayog khawb los ntawm sizing yuam kev. Txiav txim qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm nthuav ID thiab cov tubing yuav tsis haum rau lub substrate los yog yuav tsis compress txaus los tuav nws. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tab tom yuav dua. Ntawm peb cov kev txiav txim, peb khiav ib qho kev kuaj dawb dawb tiv thaiv tus neeg siv khoom lub substrate qhov ntev ua ntej ntau lawm. Siv tsib feeb, tiv thaiv lub lis piam ncua. Kuv pheej xav tsis thoob los ntawm pes tsawg tus neeg muag khoom tsis ua qhov no.
Xaiv cov khoom zoo yam tsis muaj overspecifying
Overspecification nkim nyiaj. Underspecification ua rau tsis ua hauj lwm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog nqaim dua li cov neeg feem coob paub.
Peb pab neeg ua haujlwm siv plaub- txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam. Kuv yuav taug kev los ntawm cov logic vim nws kuj qhia koj tias cov ntaub ntawv twg yuav tsum tau npaj thaum koj xa cov lus nug.
Kub los ua ntej.Tus qauv ntoo khaub lig- txuas polyolefin handles -55℃rau +135℃nruam. Qhov ntawd suav txog 85% ntawm cov ntawv thov uas peb hais. Yog tias koj ib puag ncig siab tshaj 135℃koj tab tom saib hloov kho polyolefin, fluoropolymer (FEP tuav 200 degree, PTFE mus rau 260 degree), lossis silicone roj hmab. Cov no raug nqi ntau dua. Tsis txhob xav tias koj xav tau lawv kom txog rau thaum koj tau lees tias koj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws, tsis yog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub phaj tab sis ntsuas tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw uas lub raj yuav zaum. Kuv tau muaj cov neeg siv khoom hais txog fluoropolymer vim tias lawv cov khoom siv tau ntsuas rau 180 degree, thaum qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov chaw xaim hlua yog 95 degree. Hloov mus rau tus qauv polyolefin tau cawm lawv ntau dua 60% ntawm cov khoom siv.
Environmental raug thib ob.Sab nraum zoov txhais tau tias UV tsis kam - dub formulations nrog carbon dub additive yog tus qauv. Marine txhais tau tias ntsev tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv rau cov nplaum -lined tsim rau ya raws sealing. Kev raug tshuaj lom neeg yog nyob ntawm koj cov kua dej tshwj xeeb. Polyolefin tuav feem ntau cov kua qaub, cov hauv paus, thiab cov kuab tshuaj zoo. Tab sis qee yam roj thiab tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau kuaj. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb SAE AS23053 suav nrog kev ntsuas dej rau hauv cov roj hydraulic, JP-8 aviation roj, lubricants, thiab 5% NaCl ntsev tov tshwj xeeb vim tias cov no yog cov kua dej uas ua rau muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv aerospace ib puag ncig.
Mechanical xav tau thib peb.Static cable khiav qhov twg tsis muaj dab tsi txav? Nyias-phab ntsa ib leeg- txheej yog txaus thiab tus nqi feem ntau- zoo. Kev vibration ib puag ncig, rov flexing, lossis qhov chaw uas cov tubing tiv thaiv cov npoo ntse thaum sib dhos? Nruab nrab-phab ntsa lossis hnyav- phab ntsa tsim. Cov Connectors uas xav tau kev lim dej? Adhesive-kab nrog semi- sab nrauv phab ntsa.
Kev tswj hwm kev ua raws cai kawg, tab sis tsis yog -negotiable.Qhov no yog qhov uas tej yaam num tau daig ntawm txoj kab tiav yog tias koj tsis npaj ua ntej.
| Koj Qhov Kev Ua Lag Luam Kawg | Standard Koj Yuav Xav Tau | Yuav Qhia Li Cas |
|---|---|---|
| North American industrial khoom | UL 224, VW-1 nplaim taws ntsuas xaiv yeem | Phab ntsa thickness txiav txim qhov ntsuas voltage (150V / 300V / 600V) |
| European railway lossis tsev | EN 45545 lossis CPR + IEC 60684 | Halogen{0}}dawb yog qhov yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv |
| Aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv | SAE AS23053/5 (yav tas los MIL -DTL-23053) | QPL- cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum muaj; requalification txhua 36 lub hlis |
| Cov khoom siv kho mob | USP Chav Kawm VI, ISO 10993-5/18 | Kev kuaj biocompatibility ntxiv 4-8 lub lis piam ua ntej |
| Automotive (tsis yog-EV) | OEM- cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, feem ntau xa mus rau LV 112 | Txhua OEM muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb; paub meej tias ntxov |
| EV siab -voltage systems | UL 224 VW-1 yam tsawg kawg nkaus, qee qhov OEMs xav tau UL 2596 | Standardized xim txiv kab ntxwv rau siab -voltage ID |
Ib qho kev ceeb toom tseem ceeb: ib yam khoom kuaj rau UL 224 tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li SAE AS23053, txawm tias cov txheej txheem xeem zoo ib yam ntawm daim ntawv. Yog tias koj tus neeg siv khoom lub npe hu ua tus qauv tshwj xeeb, xyuas kom meej tias koj tus neeg muag khoom cov khoom raug sim thiab teev rau tus qauv ntawd. Peb tau pom cov phiaj xwm qeeb lub hlis vim tias ib tus neeg xav tias hla - ua raws li qhov tsis muaj.
Cov lus nug Halogen tsis muaj kev xaiv ntxiv lawm
Ob xyoos dhau los, halogen-dawb polyolefin yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Niaj hnub no txog ib feem peb ntawm cov lus nug peb tau txais kev qhia meej halogen- pub dawb raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab qhov sib koom tau nce. Qhov kev hloov pauv yog kev tswj hwm-tsav - European cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov cai hauv tsev, thiab nce ntxiv, kev tswj hwm kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov OEMs loj.
Kev txhawj xeeb nrog halogen-cov ntaub ntawv muaj: nyob rau hauv hluav taws, lawv tso hydrogen halide gases uas yog ob qho tib si lom thiab corrosive rau electronics. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob ib puag ncig zoo li lub tsheb ciav hlau, qhov av, lossis chav neeg rau zaub mov, qhov ntawd yog teeb meem kev nyab xeeb loj.
Qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev yuav khoom siv yog tias halogen -dawb formulations txi cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Thawj - cov khoom tsim tau ua. Tam sim no formulations los ntawm TE Connectivity (lawv ZCSM thiab SWFR series), HellermannTyton (TU28/TL27), thiab ntau Suav manufacturers tau loj kaw qhov sib txawv. Lub zog cuam tshuam yog nyob rau hauv 5-10% ntawm cov pa polyolefin. Tus nqi hwm kuj tau nqaim - tam sim no nyob ib puag ncig 15-20% dhau ntawm cov qauv tsim piv rau 40% + tsib xyoos dhau los.
Yog tias koj tab tom tsim cov khoom xa tawm mus rau EU, spec halogen - dawb tam sim no. Tsis txhob tos koj cov neeg siv khoom los tswj nws. Tus nqi sib txawv me dua li tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho ib nrab ntawm - ntau lawm.
Dab tsi yog Tsav Kev Xav Tau Tam Sim No (Thiab Vim Li Cas Nws cuam tshuam Koj Lub Sijhawm Lead)
Kuv yuav tsis hais cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam nrog ntau lab -$ qhov projections uas tsis pab koj txiav txim siab yuav khoom. Hloov chaw, ntawm no yog qhov peb tau pom hauv peb phau ntawv xaj thiab nws txhais li cas rau qhov muaj.
EV roj teeb pob sib dhos yog nqus cov khoom loj ntawm polyolefin tshav kub tam sim no. Txhua lub xovtooj ntawm tes-rau- xovtooj sib txuas, txhua qhov kev sib tshuam busbar, txhua lub xov hlau sensor yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob rau 400V-1000V systems. TE Connectivity tau tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam EV vim tias cov khoom lag luam txheem tsis tau raws li qhov sib xyaw ua ke, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov kev thov siab no yog txhawm rau muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau qib tshwj xeeb - tshwj xeeb yog nyias-phab ntsa siab-voltage rated polyolefin thiab cov khoom nplaum nplaum nrog UL VW-1 daim ntawv pov thawj nplaim taws. Yog tias koj xaj cov khoom no, npaj rau 4-6 lub lis piam ua ntej es tsis txhob siv 2-3 lub lis piam.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab yog qhov thib ob xav tau tsav tsheb loj. Hnub ci hlws ris thawv, cua turbine nacelle thaiv, roj teeb lub zog cia tshuab. Cov ntawv thov no xav tau UV tiv thaiv, hnyav- kev tsim kho phab ntsa, thiab IP68- ntsuas kev sib txuas. Tus nqi tus nqi ntawm hnyav- phab ntsa nplaum-lined polyolefin tau nce li ntawm 8-12% xyoo dhau los vim qhov kev thov no.
5G infrastructure yog ntau niche tab sis loj hlob sai. Qhov miniaturization ntawm 5G cov cuab yeej tsav tsheb xav tau rau ultra-nyias- phab ntsa tubing hauv qhov me me. Cov no yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb nrog cov neeg muag khoom tsawg.
Cov tswv yim coj mus kuaj: yog tias koj muaj ib qhov project nrog lub sijhawm ruaj khov, xauv koj cov khoom ua ntej tshaj qhov koj xav tau. Txheem nyias-polyolefin phab ntsa tseem muaj nyob nrog tus nqi ruaj khov. Cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb - halogen-dawb, siab-voltage, nplaum-lined, tub rog-spec - muaj sijhawm ntev dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev kwv yees ntau dua li lawv tau ua 18 lub hlis dhau los.
Peb ua li cas thiaj txawv
Kuv yuav tsis ua txuj tias peb tsuas yog tus neeg muag khoom muaj peev xwm hauv lub khw no. TE Connectivity's Raychem hom tau ua tus qauv kub hauv aerospace thiab roj- roj siv txij li xyoo 1970. Lawv QPL-cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog yog qhov tob tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam. 3M thiab Sumitomo Electric khiav ze tom qab.
Tab sis lawv cov khoom lag luam thiab cov qauv tsim nqi tau tsim rau aerospace- nplai kev tsim nyog thiab aerospace- nplai margins. Yog tias koj daim ntawv thov tsis xav tau QPL- cov khoom lag luam, koj tau them rau cov ntawv pov thawj uas koj tsis xav tau.
Cov neeg siv khoom peb ua haujlwm zoo - kev lag luam automation, LED teeb pom kev zoo, lub zog tauj dua tshiab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob OEMs - xav tau kev ua tau zoo, tsis yog QPL daim ntawv pov thawj tus lej. Qhov ntawd yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi, thiab nws yog qhov uas peb tau tsom peb lub peev xwm.
Qhov zoo li cas hauv kev xyaum:
Thaum koj xa peb daim duab kos, peb pab neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas nws tawm tsam koj daim ntawv thov ib puag ncig ua ntej hais. Tsis yog tom qab koj tau xaj thiab pom muaj teeb meem. Peb tau tham cov neeg siv khoom tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas yuav ua tsis tiav - qhia cov phab ntsa tuab, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, lossis cov nplaum nplaum - kab sib txawv thaum qhov kev thov thawj zaug yuav tsis txaus. Qhov no raug nqi peb tsis muaj dab tsi thiab tiv thaiv kev xa rov qab uas raug nqi ob tog nyiaj thiab sijhawm.
Peb cov txheej txheem zoo suav nrog FTIR pov thawj ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntau lawm siv laser micrometers, thiab txo qis rov qab kuaj ntawm cov qauv ntawm txhua qhov kev khiav haujlwm. Rau aerospace thiab cov neeg siv khoom kho mob uas xav tau nws, peb muab ntau ntau - Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Tau Zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas ntsuas tiag tiag, tsis yog siv rau daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv xwb.
Rau cov qauv nyias-polyolefin phab ntsa hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg, peb khaws cov khoom muag rau kev xa khoom sai. Kev cai qhov ntev, xim tshwj xeeb, nplaum-lined, thiab halogen- cov khoom pub dawb feem ntau khiav 2-3 lub lis piam los ntawm kev lees paub qhov kev txiav txim. Peb tau ua qhov xwm txheej ceev nrawm dua thaum qhov xwm txheej tau lees paub nws - ib tus neeg siv khoom nyob sab Europe xav tau halogen- cov raj xa hluav taws xob pub dawb hauv ib lub lis piam kom tsis txhob tuav daim ntawv pov thawj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Peb ua nws ua haujlwm. Qhov ntawd tsis yog peb tus qauv kev cog lus, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm thaum cov ceg txheem ntseeg siab txaus.
MOQ yog hloov tau. Peb khiav ntau lawm ntawm kev txiav txim me me li 500 meters rau cov khoom txheem. Cov qauv kev cai lossis qhov txawv txav yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg dua kom pom tseeb qhov teeb tsa, tab sis peb yuav sib tham txog qhov tseeb rau koj qhov ntim ntau dua li tsuas yog hais tus lej los ntawm phau ntawv teev npe.
Yuav xa dab tsi thaum koj nug
Txhawm rau muab cov lus qhia tseeb rau koj thiab paub meej tias cov khoom tsim nyog, peb xav tau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb no. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm lawv txhais tau tias rov qab -thiab- tawm mus uas ua rau txhua yam qeeb.
Lub substrate qhov ntev - sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm txawm lub tubing xav tau los npog, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws bulge point ntawm connectors los yog solder pob qij txha. Koj qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kub siab tshaj ntawm qhov chaw tubing, tsis yog cov khoom ntsuas phaj. Txhua yam tshuaj los yog kua dej raug cov tubing yuav ntsib. Cov qauv kev tswj hwm koj cov khoom kawg yuav tsum ua tau raws li. Koj kwv yees qhov ntim txhua xyoo thiab seb koj puas xav tau ua ntej- txiav daim lossis txuas txuas ntxiv.
Nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawd, peb pab pawg neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem lees paub cov khoom xaiv, muab cov lus hais, thiab cov qauv nkoj rau koj qhov kev kuaj pom tseeb - feem ntau hauv ib mus rau ob lub lis piam rau cov khoom lag luam.
Tiv tauj peb ntawm ken@euson.cn lossis los ntawm dachangplastic.com. Peb teb cov lus nug txog kev ua haujlwm hauv ib hnub ua haujlwm.
